• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Apparatus for grinding cereal grain involving means for controlling of grinding forces between a pair of cooperating grinding rolls, by regulating the actual grain receiving gap between the rolls during rotation thereof and in accordance with a preset desired dimension. A pair of parallel grinding rolls are mounted for movement of one roll relative to the other in a generally radial direction. One of the rolls is yieldingly biased toward engagement with the other roll. Adjustment mechanism is operative to limit movement of the bias roll toward said other roll and to establish said preset dimension or gap between the rolls.
    公开号:SU1213977A3
    申请号:SU772503005
    申请日:1977-07-15
    公开日:1986-02-23
    发明作者:Линцбергер Роберт；Мэхлер Эрнст；Кеттинг Леэндерт
    申请人:Гебрюдер Бюлер Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1213977
    2, The device according to Claim 1, about t is attached at least one that is so that between the support-plate-elastic elastic frame and the body of the layout device.
    t
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the food industry, in particular to devices for grinding and grinding grain
    The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity by reducing the installation time when changing rolls.
    Figure 1 schematically shows a device for crushing and grinding grain, a partial view; figure 2 is the same, the working side; FIG. 3 shows a set of rolls, a partial image of FIG. 4 is the same, a constructive example of execution; Figures 5 and 6 are the same; a further exemplary embodiment of Figure 7 is a regulating device, I
    The device contains a set of rolls
    1, body 2, stand 3, a mechanism 4 for precisely adjusting the gap between the rolls and protecting the rolls from foreign bodies, a flywheel 5 set of rolls 6, a mechanism 7 for coarse adjustment of the gap between the sasi and protecting the rolls from foreign bodies, channel 8 for supplying the product, lower control door 9, upper control door 10, loosening rollers 11, metering valve 12, probing product element 13, control valve 14, knives and releasers 13, supporting structure 16 for removing foreign objects tel left wah approx 18, right roller 19, bearing assembly 20, bolt 21, axis 22 of roll 18, bearing unit 23, t gu 24, housing frame 26, support frame 27, lamellar elastic gasket 28, prulus 29 cam 30, lever 31 , gap 32 between rollers, pneumatic cylinder 33, bolt 34, lever 35, axis of rotation 36, rod 37, shaft 38, axis of rotation 39, eccentric 40, roller 41, stop 42, flywheel 43, trunnion 44, but nechnik 45, cam 46, threaded rod 47, eye 48, permutation means 49, sensor 0.,.
    a switch 51, a comparator 52, an amplifier 53, a converter 54, a servomotor 55, a temperature measuring probe 56, a manual feed 57, a memory block 58, a temperature controller 59, a regulator 60, a hydraulic cylinder 61, a trigger 62, a lever 63, an emphasis 6 and rod 65.
    Through the channel 8 for supplying the product to the device serves the product. The probing product element 13 feels the feed product and shifts the rolls 18 and 19.
    Using the flywheel 5, the mechanisms 4 or 7 approximately set the working gap between the rollers. The product is milled, then the control door 9 is opened and a sample is taken at two or three locations along the length of the rollers to control the grinding. Appropriate adjustment occurs at short or long intervals, for example, feeding the product, controlling the temperature by means of cooling water, adjusting the distance between the rollers.
    The pair of rolls consists of a left roll 18 and a right roll 19. The left roll 18 is located at the end in the bearing housing of the bearing assembly 20, which in turn rests on the rotary bolt 21 located below.
    The right swath 19 is located on
    the end of the roll axes in the fixed housing, which is connected to the clamping bolt 25. Both the clamping bolt 25 and the bearing assemblies 20 and 23 are located on both sides of the set of wagons and fixed by longitudinal coupling. The set of rolls is widened on frame 26 and fixed by means of a longitudinal joint. The roll set rests on frame 26
    and fixed with screws.
    The operation of mechanism 4 takes place with the help of a pull rod.
    3
    which acts as elements located at its ends and equipped with knife supports on bearing assemblies 20 and 23.
    The setting of the distance between the two grinding rollers 18 and 19 can be done by turning the nut and adjusting the lock nut. In this case, the knife support must directly act on the bearing housing.
    Fig. 3 shows the most appropriate solution for manual drive. Knife bearing acts on the lever 31, fixed in the bearing unit 23 by means of a rotary bolt. The lever 31 has a short free end at the top and a long free end at the bottom, with the knife support interacting with the short free end and the flywheel 5 with the long free end. The flywheel 43 is mounted on a rigid pivot bolt that can be rotated. The handwheel 5 is extended by means of a threaded part, which is screwed into a linear bushing provided with an internal thread.
    The ball bushing, protected by a screw against twisting, is located on the long free end of the lever 31. The flywheel 5 with the threaded part is protected by a collar, as well as a safety ring adjacent to the pivot bolt from axially moving.
    The device works as follows.
    With the help of a nut and lock nut, the first coarse adjustment of the distance between the two rollers 18 and 19 can be performed. Fine grinding is required for grinding by means of a flywheel 5. The distance between the two knife supports is kept constant. By turning the handwheel 5 clockwise, the lever 31 is rotated counterclockwise, and the short free end is rotated to the left.
    The swath 18 with its center of gravity is positioned relative to the pivot bolt 21 in such a way that it tends to deviate to the left of the swath 19. Thus, with a relatively large working gap, it is possible to prevent
    spin the contact rolls. The milled material itself acts on the grinding pressure in the working gap, resulting in forces for
    spreading the two rolls 18 and 19.
    In operation, the device maintains a constant optimum working gap between the rollers, as well as the pressure during grinding.
    The working gap (Fig. 3) is directly determined by the adjustment mechanisms 4 and 7, so that the undesirable effect on the grinding of the stands and the housing parts is eliminated.
    The set of rolls (fig. 3) does not rest directly, but through a plate-shaped elastic gasket 28. It is this technique that is impossible with the known forms of the milling device, since otherwise it would not be possible to adjust the working gap. The elastic elastic pads have an undesirable property, namely, after some
    work time they are deformed
    so that maintaining their specific dimensions would be a very difficult way.
    Depending on the requirements of the device, for example, regarding noise problems, elastic pads can be rubber. The deformation of the rubber gasket is compensated for by the corresponding execution of the drive, for example a self-tapping drive.
    The mechanism 17 for removing foreign bodies consists of a spring, which is tensioned between the end washer and the supporting element by means of a tension nut. The spring is tensioned above the expected pressure during grinding, so that the spring, when a foreign body hits, is first compressed by the tension value, thus increasing the distance between the two grinding rollers.
    Another form of implementation is that each rolls 18 and 19 are connected to the knives, resetters,
    which are reinforced by a longitudinal joint. The knife throwers are thus held relative to the respective rolls IB in the same position, therefore
    | any change in the position of the entire set of valzoses due to deformation, the gasket 28 has no meaning.
    The left roller 18 (Fig. 4) is supported by a bearing unit 20 and a pivot bolt on the stationary bolt. The right roller 19 is connected to the clamping bolt 21 by means of a housing, so that part of the pressure during grinding is compensated by the clamping bolt. The adjustment mechanism 4 is equipped with a handwheel 5, a arresting device, a pivot bolt fixed relative to the bearing housing, as well as a ball joint mounted in the long free end of the lever 31.
    In addition, the lever 31 has a short free end that connects both rolls 18 and 19 by means of the knife support to the thrust 24 by holding the upper arm rotatably relative to the bearing housing of the rotary bolt.
    Gasket 28 (fig.Z) is made in the form of a thin plate. The advantage is that, on the one hand, vibration and noise noise are reduced.
    The funnel formed from the sheet elements (figure 4) for collecting: the product is fixed directly on the stand. The transmission of vibrations to leaf parts is reduced. In addition to tago, it is possible by selecting the material and thickness of the plate certain frequencies strongly transmitted through the sheet portions to be reduced to the minimum value.
    A motor 24 with a mechanism 17 (FIG. 4) for removing foreign bodies, a device for shifting the rolls, and also means for changing the spring characteristic forms one structural unit. The means for changing the spring characteristic consist of a cup spring, a spacer tube, a set screw, a lock nut, and a support element.
    The mechanism 17 for removing foreign bodies consists of a set of plate ™ springs clamped by a tension screw and a washer and located in the body of the hydraulic cylinder 61 of the trigger mechanism 62.
    On the housing, there is a passage through the set of cup springs and an external thread with a sleeve that senses the stress forces. Mechanism 17 for removing foreign bodies is supported by providing
    20
    139776
    A knife blade bearing of the element on the bearing assembly 20. The ha ha 24 is at the same time a piston rod, at the end of which is located the piston pin of the roller trigger mechanism 62.
    The hydraulic cylinder 61 is provided with a purge port, and on the opposite side is connected to a valve and a pressure generator. On the side of the discharge opening inside the hydraulic cylinder 61 is located emphasis. On the bearing housing there is a spreading roll device. Tension spring 29 tension 15 between the cam 30 of the bearing housing and the eye of the clamping bolt.
    All means for changing the characteristic of the spring and the device for removing foreign bodies, as well as devices for shifting the rolls, are located on both sides of each set of rolls.
    five
    ,
    0
    five
    0
    0
    five
    A set of rolls (figure 4) works as follows.
    The mechanism 17 for removing foreign bodies is mounted in a pre-tensioned state, and the cup springs between the washers and the body of the hydraulic cylinder 61 are compressed by means of a clamping screw by a certain amount corresponding to 1 to 2 tons.
    In the state of the tension spring 29, as well as the moment acting in the same direction from the bearing housing or roll 18 with a force of several hundred kilograms, the rolls 18 and 19 move apart. The bearing housing is pressed against the mechanism 17 to remove the support element. foreign bodies to the left relative to the body of the hydraulic cylinder 61.
    In the extended state, the rolls rotate. By closing the valve and turning on the pressure generator, the entire assembly consisting of the housing of the mechanism 17 for removing foreign bodies and the roller 18 is moved. In normal operation, with the pressure of the oil of the pressure generator, the piston is strongly pressed against the pore.
    The oil pressure is chosen such that the forces of the hydraulic medium are greater than the forces acting in the working gap, so that the hydraulic part, as well as the mechanism 17 for out of 7
    attraction of foreign bodies, at least in the zone of normal grinding forces, form a rigid block.
    , To grind very fine grain, the working gap 32 between the rollers is set accordingly narrowly. In this case, it is necessary to use means to change the spring characteristics.
    The disc springs are pre-tensioned by a tension spring 29. A gap, which is usually provided between the movable parts, is eliminated. Spring 29 has almost no effect on forces in the working gap, since the latter are ten times larger.
    Figure 4 shows the shifted position of the mechanism 62 of the two rolls .18. And 19. The piston of the trigger mechanism 62 is on the stop. In this position, the product is milled. During the initial grinding of the new mixture, the working gap is roughly set by the regulating mechanism and immediately after obtaining the grinding results by controlling several samples that go through the control door 9 (Fig. 1), adjust the distance between the two rolls 8 and 19, i.e. . working gap.
    During grinding, the product is also adjusted using the handwheel 5.
    The ideal grinding condition is to maintain a fixed amount of working gap once. However, constant interference, one-sided load of the rolls, deviation of the external: forms, uneven temperature of the rolls, etc. In particular, when grinding with a working gap of 1/10 mm or less, the greatest problems arise. For fine grinding, a spring with a large number of springs is used, which results in the softness of the rollers 18 and 19.
    If the size of the working gap is more than 2/10 mm, then the disc spring can be eliminated altogether so that a hard set of wacks is formed, which ensures uniform grinding.
    By changing the disc springs, set any intermediate value for the softness of the stroke of the shaft 139778
    cove The rail 24 may be made as a stretch rod and, by replacing it, means may be installed to change the spring 5 characteristic also in another position of the set of rolls, for example, by using various elastic levers. In addition, it is possible to elastically prop up one
    10 or both rolls 18 and 19, or the bearing housing.
    If a control mechanism with a flywheel 5 is provided only for manually setting the working clearance,
    15, the means for changing the spring characteristic should preferably be made of spring elements, since the rubber-like parts are deformed over a long period of time20 and, thus, precise setting values are impossible.
    Figure 5 shows another embodiment.
    5 Rolls 1 and 19 are connected using a housing of bearing units 20 and
    23through a massive tension bolt on one side and by means of ti gi
    24 mechanisms to regulate with
    0 the other side with a power closure. The means for changing the spring characteristic consist of two flat springs.
    Mechanism for adjusting stock. flywheel 5, which is located on both sides of the set of rolls at their ends. The working clearance on both sides can be set independently.
    Q sides of control mechanisms with one flywheel each 5.
    FIG. 5 schematically shows parallel adjustment, as well as a pneumatic device for
    5 shifting and spreading of the rolls. The pneumatic cylinder 33 by means of the bolt 34, the lever 35 moves reciprocally relative to the axis of rotation 36. On the lever 35
    0 by means of a pivot bolt 34, a pin 37 is fixed, which performs a reciprocating motion with the lever. The pin 37 is pivotally connected to the clamp
    5 with a strap that is rigidly fixed to the eccentric shaft 38. The eccentric shaft rotates around the rotational axis. Bearing housing
     ,
    is located on the eccentric 40 so that during the reciprocating movement of the rod 37, the roller 18 can be moved or moved apart with a large gear.
    The eccentric shaft 38 is moved along the entire length of the roll from one housing of the bearing assembly to the opposite. The second bearing housing housing is also eccentrically designed, so that both bearing housings can perform the same movement.
    Fig, 5 shows the shifted position of the rolls. The lever 35 is provided at the lower end with a roller 41, which rests on the stop 42. As a result, simultaneous, parallel movement of the rolls 18 occurs when the position of the stop 42 changes. For this, the stop 42 is rearranged by means of a flywheel 43, which allows parallel adjustment.
    Figure 6 shows another example of a roll set. The roll pair consists of a left wap 18 and a right roll 19. The right roll 19 with two bearings, i.e., bearing housings, is supported on a stand by means of racks. The left roller 18 is connected through a rotating pin 44 by means of housings of bearing units 20 and 23,
    The lower value of the working gap (6) is limited to a hard stop. Permutation means act by an eccentric 40 directly on the abutment surface of the anvil. The eccentric 40 of the turn is relative to the point of the setting lever 63,
    The eccentric is rigidly connected to the adjusting lever and supported by means of the housing of the bearing assembly 20. The adjusting lever is provided at the bottom with a fork-shaped tip 45, the cam of which is movable. The cam 46 is moved by a flywheel along the threaded rod 47, the threaded rod 47 is located to the left in the eyelet 48, and to the right in the other eyelet and at the same time is supported by the middle in the longitudinal direction. The lugs are parts of the housing of the bearing assembly 20.
    1397710
    If the handwheel 5 is turned and the adjusting lever 63 is moved, for example, counterclockwise, the cam 46 moves in the forked end of the adjusting lever
    63 and simultaneously due to the rotational movement of the eccentric stop
    64 moves to the left and thereby
     both rolls are moved apart. In this way, the working gap can be set from zero to maximum, with the lower value being limited by the stop. As a result, the accuracy of the installation of the gap is ensured, as well as the uniform grain size. This form of manufacture for the production of fine flour is complemented by the fact that the rolls. cooled. With further form
    20, the roll may be partially filled with liquid so that it provides temperature equilibration.
    Thus, the processes of increasing oscillations are eliminated. In particular, with a partial filling of the rolls with a liquid, for example water or alcohol, the heat generated in the working gap is very quickly distributed.
    30 across the roll. This is advisable especially when it comes to hard rolls.
    Since the rolls cannot cross the lower one specified by the stop 64, the value of the working gap, the means for changing the spring characteristics play almost no role here and therefore there is no need for them. A set of rolls in practice must contain a mechanism for removing foreign bodies, as well as a device for shifting the rolls, which is designed as a hydraulic cylinder (Fig. 4).
    45 A mechanism 17 for removing foreign bodies and a mechanism for shifting the rolls (Fig. 6) form a knot with the help of a pull rod 24 i and connect both rolls. As in the mechanism for extracting foreign bodies, and in the mechanism for shifting the rolls, forces are used that have more forces in the working gap, so that the opening of the working gap is possible only with very large
    55 large forces which are produced by large foreign bodies, for example pieces of wood or iron. Considering thermal expansion
    35
    40
    II
    and other deformations of the roll housing and bearing parts, the working clearance during normal grinding remains absolutely constant. In order for the rolls to take a certain position when starting up, both rolls 18 and 19 are pressed apart from each other by means of a spring. When mounting a mechanism for securing a certain position of a set of rolls consisting of a left roll 18 and a right roll 19, which are supported on the one side (bottom) by means of a tightening bolt and a rotary bolt, and on the other side (top) by means of shifting means 49 , the bearing housing of the roll 19 is supported by the rod 65,
    In the depicted embodiment, it is not the absolute value of the working gap that is set, but the reference value, the distance in the upper part of the bearing. The left bearing housing is equipped with a hard contact sensor 50, and the right bearing housing with a switch 51.
    The predetermined value of the working gap is previously entered in the memory unit 58 in any form, for example, in the form of punched cards. A device for reading from punched cards is controlled by a computing unit (not shown). In accordance with the desired clearance, the predetermined value is preliminarily supplied to the controller 60. The controller 60 is provided with a comparator 52, an amplifier 53, and a converter 54. The output signal of the controller 60 is fed directly to a servomotor 55, which is continuously





    12
    0
    15
    40
    20
    25
    thirty
    35
    sets
    jerky or at intervals working gap.
    To correct the deviations of the value of the scientific research institute due to the temperature effect on at least one roll, on one or both sides, a temperature probe 5b is installed, to which the thermostat 59 is connected. Thus, corrections for the temperature coefficient are entered at the specified value. This process can also be carried out at intervals.
    In order to take into account specific quantities when mixing or grinding, for example, the deviation of product properties, manual feed 57 is provided, with which the setpoint is also adjusted. The temperature effect is corrected automatically, all other factors affecting the grinding result are monitored and measured in a limestone manner. The setpoint is in each case specifically adjusted and the adjusted values are maintained by the controller.
    The regulator maintains the working gap constant, taking into account temperature deviations and corresponding expansions, in particular, the working gap is adjusted according to the manually set values
    Two bearings of both rolls are made of two parts so that the rolls are dismantled separately. The housing of the bearing units 20 and 23 for this purpose have a dismountable half.
    , g; , 7, hch
    and
    6281П7
    Tsiggch
    "W" ff
    in SO 51
    Editor G. Volkova
    Compiled by V. Kochergin
    Tehred A.Ach. Proofreader A.Zimokosov
    Order 788/63 Circulation 583 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee
    for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5
    Branch ShSh Patent, Uzhgorod, Proektna St., 4
    FiL
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. CRUSHING DEVICE housing, rolls
    AND GRAIN GRINDING, at least one set of rolls driven at different peripheral speeds of the rolls mounted on it is mounted on it, the axis of each of which is fixed in the bearing units, and mechanisms for regulating the gap between the rolls and for protecting the rolls from foreign bodies, located on both the sides of the roll set and connected to the bearing units of the roll axes, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity by reducing installation time when changing rolls, it is equipped with a support * frame of the roll set, setting ennoy in the housing and connected to it, and bearing units of the axes of the rolls and the mechanism for adjusting the gap between the
    Figure 1
    SU .... 1213977>
    [2]
    2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one plate-like elastic strip is placed between the support frame and the device body.
    类似技术:
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    US3479951A|1969-11-25|Roll positioning mechanism
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR7704698A|1978-06-06|
    FR2358195A1|1978-02-10|
    CH619157A5|1980-09-15|
    CH620840A5|1980-12-31|
    MX149800A|1983-12-26|
    UA5547A1|1994-12-28|
    FR2358195B1|1982-12-03|
    ES470818A1|1979-01-16|
    CH627951A5|1982-02-15|
    GB1592186A|1981-07-01|
    JPS60118249A|1985-06-25|
    DE2760350A1|1986-03-27|
    GB1592187A|1981-07-01|
    JPS6052862B2|1985-11-21|
    DE2760350C2|1991-05-23|
    IT1086243B|1985-05-28|
    ES460503A1|1978-12-01|
    GB1592185A|1981-07-01|
    US4140285A|1979-02-20|
    JPS5311757A|1978-02-02|
    DD133409A5|1979-01-03|
    DE2759680C2|1988-02-11|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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